Production of blast furnace ferromanganese---the raw material for blast furnace ferromanganese smelting

Manganese iron smelting furnace main raw material manganese ore, coke and flux.
1. Manganese ore <br> The manganese ore used in smelting of blast furnaces is oxidized ore, carbonate ore, calcined ore and sintered ore.
Manganese in ore is the main recycling element in smelting of blast furnace ferromanganese. The manganese content of manganese ore directly affects the technical indicators of ferromanganese smelting. The blast furnace production practice shows that the manganese content in manganese ore fluctuates by 1%, the coke ratio fluctuates by 50 to 80 kg, and the output fluctuates by 3% to 5%. Therefore, the higher the manganese content in the furnace ore is, the better.
The content of SiO ₂ in manganese ore is the main factor affecting the amount of slag. According to the analysis, the m(SiO ₂ )/m(Mn) in the manganese ore entering the furnace fluctuates by 10%, which is equivalent to 1% fluctuation of the manganese content. The ore with low m(SiO ₂ )/m(Mn) should be selected as much as possible. China's various manufacturers into the mixed mine m (SiO ) / m (Mn) is generally controlled at 0.3 ~ 0.8.
The m(Mn)/m(Fe) in manganese ore determines the manganese content of the product. To produce different grades of ferromanganese, manganese ore with different m(Mn)/m(Fe) ratio is needed.
Phosphorus in manganese ore is a controlling element in the production of blast furnace ferromanganese. The lower the hope, the better. Phosphorus is a harmful element in steel products. Phosphorus is theoretically 100% reduced in blast furnace smelting. Therefore, the phosphorus content in the ferromanganese product depends on the phosphorus content in the ore and coke. However, in blast furnace smelting, the recovery rate of Mn and the grade of manganese ore will vary within a wide range, so the phosphorus content in the product also changes.
The amount of phosphorus allowed in manganese ore is calculated as follows:
w(P _mine )={[P]/np-(w'pK+w"pФ+w"pD)}÷H
Where w(P _mine ) - the phosphorus content of the manganese ore entering the furnace, %;
[P]——The upper limit of phosphorus content allowed in the product, %;
Np - the reduction rate of phosphorus in the blast furnace (in theory, 100%, actually about 80%);
W'p,w"p,w"p--the phosphorus content of coke, flux and other addenda, respectively;
H, K, Ф, D - respectively, the smelting of ore, coke, flux and other additional materials required per ton of ferromanganese, kg/t.
The m(Mn)/m(Fe) and m(P)/m(Mn) requirements of the blast furnace ferromanganese smelting in a certain plant are shown in the table below.

The lead in manganese ore is easy to reduce and volatilize during smelting, and is deposited on the bottom of the furnace after reduction. When it is severe, the bottom of the furnace is destroyed. When the furnace temperature is high, it is volatile and nodules are formed in the upper part of the blast furnace. Generally, the Pb content in manganese ore is required to be <0.1%. The zinc in the manganese ore is easily deposited in the upper part of the blast furnace, which has a destructive effect on the brick lining and the furnace shell of the furnace wall, and may also be mixed with the furnace lining to form a furnace tumor. The Zn content in manganese ore is usually required to be <0.2%.
The particle size of manganese ore is generally 5~60mm, and the powder content is less than 5%.
2. Coke <br> Coke is not only a reducing agent and a heat generating agent in blast furnace smelting, but also a skeleton of the entire blast furnace column. On the one hand, the quality of coke depends on its chemical composition, on the other hand, its physical properties - particle size and strength. Ferromanganese blast furnace coke has a major metallurgical coke, coal gas and coke soil coke. The quality of different cokes varies greatly and should be considered comprehensively.
Basic technical requirements for coke:
(l) High and stable fixed carbon content. The higher the fixed carbon content, the greater the ability as a reducing agent and a heat generating agent, which is advantageous for reducing the coke ratio and improving the technical and economic indicators.
(2) Lower ash can reduce the amount of slag and the phosphorus content brought by ash.
(3) High mechanical strength can prevent and reduce the generation of powder in the process of coke falling in the furnace, and deteriorate the gas permeability of the column. The mechanical strength of coke with low volatile content is better.
Although the moisture in the coke has no effect on the smelting process of the blast furnace, the fluctuation of the water will affect the accuracy of the ingredients. Therefore, it is desirable to stabilize the coke moisture. The coke inlet particle size is generally 20~60mm.
3. Flux <br> The flux used in blast furnace ferromanganese smelting is limestone , quicklime, dolomite and the like.
For limestone and quicklime, the higher the CaO content, the better. The CaO content is high, and the amount of slag brought in is relatively reduced. When dolomite is used to adjust the slag, the content of MgO in dolomite is required to be as high as possible.
Flux into the furnace particle size requirements: limestone and dolomite 15 ~ 75mm, quicklime is 20 ~ l00mm, small blast furnace lower limit, medium blast furnace upper limit.

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